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Cognition

Addressing cognitive-communication challenges including attention, memory, and executive function.

Cognitive-communication disorders involve difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition. This includes challenges with attention, memory, organization, problem-solving, executive function, and self-regulation. These difficulties can arise from traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, or developmental conditions.

Cognitive-communication deficits can profoundly affect an individual's ability to participate in daily activities, maintain employment, succeed academically, and engage in meaningful social relationships. Because cognition underlies all aspects of communication, even mild deficits can have far-reaching impacts on a person's quality of life and functional independence.

Speech-language pathologists assess and treat cognitive-communication disorders using standardized and functional assessments. Intervention may focus on restorative strategies to rebuild cognitive skills, compensatory strategies to work around deficits, and environmental modifications to support successful communication and daily functioning.

Signs & Symptoms

  • •Difficulty sustaining attention during conversations or tasks
  • •Trouble remembering recent events, appointments, or instructions
  • •Challenges organizing thoughts, planning, or solving problems
  • •Difficulty with reasoning, judgment, or decision-making
  • •Reduced self-awareness of communication errors or social inappropriateness
  • •Slower processing speed affecting real-time communication

Treatment Approaches

  • •Attention and memory training using evidence-based cognitive exercises
  • •Compensatory strategy instruction (e.g., use of calendars, checklists, alarms)
  • •Executive function therapy targeting planning, organization, and self-monitoring
  • •Metacognitive strategy training to improve self-awareness
  • •Functional communication activities simulating real-world demands

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